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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 76(1): 48-49, jan.-fev. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-678163

ABSTRACT

This paper describes a topiramate induced acute bilateral angle-closure glaucoma. This rare adverse effect is an idiosyncratic reaction characterized by uveal effusion and lens forward displacement, leading to increased intraocular pressure and vision loss. We describe a 55 year-old white woman with migraine, spasmodic torticollis and essential tremor, who developed bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma, one week after starting topiramate 25 mg/day. She was seen at the Ophthalmology Emergency Department of the Fundação João Penido Burnier (Campinas, SP, Brazil) with a 4 hours history of blurry vision, ocular pain and bright flashes vision. Slit lamp examination revealed moderate conjunctival injection and corneal edema, and shallow anterior chambers. Intraocular pressure was 48 mmHg in both eyes. Fundoscopic examination findings were normal. She was treated with timolol, brimonidine, dorzolamide, pilocarpine, prednisone acetate eye drops and acetazolamide. One hour after those measures, as the intraocular pressure was 30 mmHg, she received a manitol intravenous injection and the intraocular pressure normalized. After 24 hours an iridotomy with Yag laser was performed. Topiramate was discontinued and she was totally recovered after one week.


Relato de um caso de glaucoma bilateral de ângulo fechado induzido pelo topiramato. Este raro efeito colateral é uma idiosincrasia causada por efusão uveal e deslocamento do cristalino para frente, causando aumento da pressão intraocular e perda visual. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 55 anos com migrânea, torcicolo espasmódico e tremor essencial, que desenvolveu glaucoma bilateral de ângulo fechado uma semana após iniciar o uso de topiramato, 25 mg/dia. A paciente foi atendida no setor de Emergências Oftalmológicas da Fundação Penido Burnier (Campinas, SP, Brasil), com história de 4 horas de embaçamento visual, dor ocular e visão de flashes brilhantes. O exame com lâmpada de fenda revelou injeção conjuntival moderada, edema corneano e câmara anterior rasa em ambos os olhos. A pressão intraocular era de 48 mmHg bilateralmente e a fundoscopia era normal. Foi tratada com colírios de timolol, brimonidina, dorzolamida, pilocarpina e acetato de prednisona e acetazolamida via oral. Uma hora após essas medidas, a pressão intraocular era 30 mmHg, e a paciente recebeu uma injeção intravenosa de manitol, ocorrendo normalização da pressão intraocular após essa medida. Após 24 horas foi realizada iridectomia com Yag laser. O topiramato foi interrompido e ela se recuperou totalmente após uma semana.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Fructose/analogs & derivatives , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/chemically induced , Neuroprotective Agents/adverse effects , Fructose/adverse effects , Migraine Disorders/prevention & control
2.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2010 May; 58(3): 248-252
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-136068

ABSTRACT

The sulphonamide group of drugs is implicated in bilateral acute angle closure (AAC) due to an idiosyncratic response. We report a series of three cases with bilateral AAC caused by different sulphonamide derivatives, their presentation and management.


Subject(s)
Acute Disease , Adult , Female , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/chemically induced , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Sulfonamides/adverse effects
4.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2009 Sept; 57(5): 398-400
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135988

ABSTRACT

Drug-induced secondary angle closure is quite common and in the majority of cases simply stopping the medication leads to rapid reversal of the condition and resolution of glaucoma. We describe here a patient who presented with secondary angle closure glaucoma and myopia following mefenamic acid ingestion which was managed successfully by stopping the medication, symptomatic treatment and reassurance.


Subject(s)
Adult , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Choroid/diagnostic imaging , Choroid Diseases/chemically induced , Choroid Diseases/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/chemically induced , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis , Gonioscopy , Headache/drug therapy , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Male , Mefenamic Acid/adverse effects , Mefenamic Acid/therapeutic use , Myopia/chemically induced , Myopia/diagnosis , Refraction, Ocular
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 72(1): 103-105, jan.-fev. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-510031

ABSTRACT

O glaucoma agudo de ângulo fechado pode ser secundário, dentre outras causas, ao uso de medicações sistêmicas, como o anticonvulsivante topiramato. Esse trabalho descreve o caso de uma paciente jovem com quadro agudo bilateral de miopia e glaucoma de ângulo fechado induzidos por terapia com topiramato para prevenção de crises de enxaqueca, fazendo relação com casos semelhantes descritos na literatura e revisão bibliográfica referentes à entidade.


Acute angle-closure glaucoma may be induced, among other causes, by therapy with systemic drugs, such as the anticonvulsant topiramate. This paper reports the case of an young patient with acute myopia and angle-closure glaucoma associated with migraine prevention with topiramate. We make a link with similar cases described in medical journals and in a bibliographic review related to this entity.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Fructose/analogs & derivatives , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/chemically induced , Myopia/chemically induced , Acute Disease , Fructose/adverse effects , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Migraine Disorders/prevention & control
6.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 58(3): 209-211, 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-531322

ABSTRACT

O topiramato, uma sulfa monossacarídica, usada primariamente como um anticonvulsivante, é uma droga relativamente nova no mercado brasileiro. Devido às potencialidades terapêuticas do topiramato em uma gama variada de patologias (enxaquecas, transtornos do humor, etc.), assim como pelas diversas novas apresentações comerciais surgidas no país ultimamente, espera-se que seu uso venha a ser cada dia mais comum. O presente relato se refere a um grave efeito colateral decorrente do uso da medicação em questão, ocorrido em um homem de 36 anos - o glaucoma agudo bilateral, evento ainda pouco relatado na literatura mundial. Por conta de tal quadro, o paciente teve de se submeter a uma iridotomia bilateral.


The topiramate, a monosaccharide sulfa, primarily used as an anticonvulsant, was recently introduced in Brazilian trade. Through therapeutic potentialities of topiramate in a considerable scale of illness (migraine, disorders of humor, etc.), thus by the recent presentation, in Brazil, of several news commercial presentation of medication, it is expected that its use be more common each day. This present study reports a severe side effect that comes from the use of the drug in evidence, occurred in a 36 year-old man - the bilateral acute glaucoma, event of report not usual in the world literature. Because of this event, the patient had to be submitted to a bilateral iridotomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/chemically induced , Intraocular Pressure , Brazil , Iridectomy
7.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-39085

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Describe bilateral acute onset myopia and angle-closure glaucoma as ocular adverse effects of topiramate. CASE REPORT: A 23 year-old woman developed bilateral severe blurred vision seven days after initiating therapy with topiramate. Her visual acuity was counting fingers in both eyes. Intraocular pressures were 33 mmHg and 32 mmHg in the right and left eyes, respectively, with conjunctival chemosis, corneal edema, shallow anterior chambers, and closed angles. Her refraction was -7.50 diopters in both eyes. The symptoms and clinical findings resolved completely upon discontinuation of topiramate and, administration of antiglaucoma drugs. CONCLUSION: Topiramate use can result in acute bilateral angle-closure glaucoma and myopia, which are usually reversible upon cessation of the drug. Visual outcome is usually good and the episode resolves within a few weeks. Thus, it is important for clinicians to recognize these conditions and educate patients about these serious adverse effects when prescribing topiramate.


Subject(s)
Acetazolamide/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Adult , Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Cryoprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Fructose/administration & dosage , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/chemically induced , Glycerol/therapeutic use , Humans , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Myopia/chemically induced , Risk Factors , Timolol/therapeutic use
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(3): 517-520, maio-jun. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-459843

ABSTRACT

Sulfametoxazol e trimetoprima (cotrimoxazol) é uma combinação de drogas amplamente usada no tratamento e profilaxia de inúmeras infecções sistêmicas. Esta droga e outras derivadas da sulfa podem causar uma síndrome ocular rara caracterizada por efusão coroidal supracililar com miopização transitória e glaucoma por fechamento angular. A maioria dos autores atribui o glaucoma ao edema do corpo ciliar que leva ao deslocamento anterior do diafragma irido-cristaliniano causando fechamento do ângulo camerular. Este trabalho descreve um caso raro no qual a síndrome ocorreu após o uso desta combinação de drogas e evoluiu para um desfecho desfavorável. Paciente de 49 anos, sexo masculino, branco com diagnóstico de síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida iniciou tratamento profilático para Pneumocystis carinii com cotrimoxazol. Quatro dias após, apresentou quadro de dor ocular, hiperemia e quemose conjuntival, glaucoma agudo por fechamento angular com pressões intra-oculares maiores que 50 mmHg e efusão coroidal 360°, com os achados presentes nos dois olhos. Nesse mesmo dia, a medicação foi suspensa com diminuição da pressão intra-ocular após quatro dias. O paciente evoluiu com catarata total e phthisis bulbi bilateral nos dois meses subseqüentes. Os casos já descritos mencionam a melhora clínica completa do quadro ocular após a suspensão da medicação. Este seria o primeiro caso na literatura no qual a evolução foi desfavorável apesar do diagnóstico e da suspensão precoce da medicação causadora.


Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole) is an antibiotic combination widely used for infections treatment and prophylaxis. These and others sulfonamides have been implicated in a rare syndrome of choroidal effusion with transient myopia and angle-closure glaucoma. Previous cases reported in literature evolved to complete resolution after drug withdrawal. In contrast, we describe a rare case in which a patient developed the syndrome while taking cotrimoxazole, but did not recover visual acuity. A 49-year-old man started Pneumocystis carini prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole; four days later, the patient presented severe ocular pain, hyperemia and chemosis. Intraocular pressure reached more than 50 mmHg in both eyes a 360° choroidal effusion occurred. Medication was removed soon after the diagnosis was suspected and intraocular pressure decreased in four days. Even so total cataract and phthisis bulbi occurred in both eyes two months later. This would be the first case in the literature in which the outcome was unfavorable despite early diagnosis and withdrawal of the drug.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/chemically induced , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/adverse effects , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis
9.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(1): 133-136, jan.-fev. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-453143

ABSTRACT

Topiramato é droga derivada das sulfas e utilizada sistemicamente como anticonvulsivante. Pode produzir efusão uveal e causar glaucoma agudo por fechamento angular pelo deslocamento da íris e do cristalino anteriormente, com miopização transitória. O processo cede com a suspensão da droga, se identificado precocemente. Os autores relatam, pela primeira vez na literatura científica nacional, um caso no qual a efusão uveal ocorreu após a administração de topiramato para tratamento de enxaqueca. Paciente branca de 40 anos foi examinada no setor de emergência do Hospital Banco de Olhos de Porto Alegre apresentando cefaléia intensa, dor ocular e diminuição da visão em ambos os olhos. Referia uso de topiramato desde dez dias antes do início dos sintomas. O exame biomicroscópico mostrava injeção conjuntival, quemose e câmara anterior rasa nos dois olhos. A pressão intra-ocular era de 40 mmHg no olho direito e 38 mmHg no olho esquerdo. Os achados fundoscópicos estavam normais nos dois olhos. A ultra-sonografia ocular mostrou efusão uveal e descolamento de coróide bilateral nos dois olhos. Foi realizado o diagnóstico de efusão uveal relacionada com o uso de topiramato. A medicação foi suspensa com melhora do quadro clínico e da acuidade visual três dias após a apresentação inicial. A efusão uveal induzida por drogas ocorre raramente. O topiramato pode causar edema do corpo ciliar e relaxamento da zônula, com conseqüente deslocamento anterior do diafragma irido-cristaliniano, causando miopização aguda e fechamento angular. Como o mecanismo de fechamento angular não envolve bloqueio pupilar, iridectomias periféricas e o uso de mióticos tópicos não são efetivos nesses casos. Houve regressão completa do quadro após a suspensão da medicação.


This paper reports a clinical case of uveal effusion in both eyes causing bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma in a young patient after oral administration of topiramate, a new anticonvulsivant medication. Rarely, some drugs have produced uveal effusions, forward shift of the iris-lens diaphragm, transient myopia and secondary angle closure glaucoma. A 40-year old white woman was seen at the emergency department of the "Hospital Banco de Olhos de Porto Alegre (RS)" - Brazil, with severe headaches and blurry vision in both eyes. Her medications included topiramate, started 10 days before. Slit lamp examination revealed conjunctival injection, chemosis and shallow anterior chambers. Intraocular pressure measured 40 and 38 mmHg. Fundoscopic examination findings were normal. Ultrasound scan was performed and demonstrated separation between the choroidal layer and the sclera. A diagnosis of bilateral uveal effusion associated with the use of oral topiramate was made. Topiramate was then discontinued. The patient reported symptomatic improvement by the third day after initial examination. Symptoms were resolved and visual acuity returned to normal. Topiramate may cause ciliary body edema and relaxation of zonules, which induces a forward shift of the lens-iris diaphragm with acute myopia and angle closure. As the mechanism of angle closure does not involve pupillary block, peripheral iridectomy and topical miotics are not useful in the treatment of this type of secondary angle-closure glaucoma. Drug-induced uveal effusions occur rarely. The patient improved after topiramate discontinuation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Fructose/adverse effects , Fructose/analogs & derivatives , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/chemically induced , Acute Disease , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Visual Acuity
10.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2006 Sep; 54(3): 195-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-69697

ABSTRACT

Acute transient myopia with shallowing of the anterior chamber is a rare idiosyncratic response to many systemic and topical medications, including sulfonamides. Several such cases have been reported in the past, but are less frequently reported in recent times. We report a case of acute progressive myopia and bilateral angle closure due to Topiramate--a drug used for epilepsy and migraine prophylaxis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Anterior Chamber/drug effects , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Fructose/adverse effects , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/chemically induced , Humans , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Migraine Disorders/prevention & control , Myopia/chemically induced , Neuroprotective Agents/adverse effects , Refraction, Ocular/drug effects
12.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-87005

ABSTRACT

Snake venoms are complex heterogenous poisons with multiple effects. Ocular complications with snake bite are rare. This report describes two cases which developed bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma following snake bite. There was complete recovery in the two patients following timely diagnosis and treatment.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Antivenins/therapeutic use , Female , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/chemically induced , Humans , Iris/pathology , Male , Snake Bites/complications , Snake Venoms/toxicity
13.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 1995 Mar; 43(1): 23-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-72504

ABSTRACT

Tamoxifen is an antioestrogen drug used widely in the management of oestrogen-dependent metastatic breast carcinoma. A number of ocular complications have been described secondary to tamoxifen therapy. We report two patients, one of whom had superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis and the other who had painful proptosis and acute angle-closure glaucoma with choroidal detachment secondary to tamoxifen therapy, both of which have not been reported earlier. In both patients the signs and symptoms resolved rapidly after the discontinuation of tamoxifen therapy. Awareness of the ocular toxicity of tamoxifen is essential as prompt withdrawal can result in resolution of most of the complications.


Subject(s)
Acute Disease , Aged , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects , Choroid Diseases/chemically induced , Exophthalmos/chemically induced , Female , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/chemically induced , Humans , Middle Aged , Orbit/blood supply , Tamoxifen/adverse effects , Thrombophlebitis/chemically induced , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Veins
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